Kawasan-kawasan bandar didominasi oleh komuniti Bukan Melayu? Benarkah begitu, f

I.am.PH

Myth Busting
BORHAN AHMADJuly 2, 2020



PART I

There is a narrative which has been perpetuated for many years that the majority of the Malay community still live in rural areas and that the urban areas are dominated by the non-Malays, especially the Chinese.

This may have been true in 40 years ago but the demographic landscape in Malaysia has changed significantly since the 1980s. Since this issue has been in the news lately, I want to debunk this narrative or bust this ‘myth’ using the latest available statistics.

1) Fact 1: The majority of Malays live in urban areas in Malaysia

According to figures from the Department of Statistics Malaysia, 75% of Malaysia’s population lived in urban areas in 2016.

Out of this 75%, a majority or 56% are Bumiputeras. In fact, the number of Bumiputeras who live in urban areas outnumber those who live in rural areas by 2 to 1. In 2016, 13.2m Bumiputeras lived in urban areas compared to only 6.2m in the rural areas. In other words, almost 70% of Bumiputera community (of which the Malay community is the majority) live in urban areas.

These figures, in 2020, would definitely show an increase for the % as well as the number of Bumiputeras who live in the urban areas.

Of course, Bumiputeras form the majority of rural dwellers but the larger point here is that the Bumiputera Community, especially the Malay community, is overwhelmingly an urban community.

This leads me to the 2nd fact to highlight.

2) Fact 2: The majority of the largest parliament seats are located in urban areas with Malay voters being the plurality or the majority

Some of those who want to perpetuate the myth that Malays are a rural community often also want to perpetuate the myth that nearly all of the large parliamentary constituencies in the urban areas are Chinese majority constituencies.

40 years ago, it was the case that the parliamentary constituencies with the largest number of voters were Chinese majority constituencies located in Kuala Lumpur. This is no longer the case.

Table 1 below shows the 20 largest parliamentary constituencies using figures from the 2018 general election. Only 4 are Chinese majority. 9 are Malay majority. 7 are Malay plurality (Malays form the largest block of voters but less than 50%) including my own constituency of Bangi.

Nearly all of these seats are urban or semi-urban seats (with the exception of Baling and perhaps Tumpat and Kemamam). The average % of Malay voters in these 20 seats is 55.6% compared to an average % of 31.3 of Chinese voters.

If the Malay community were to register as voters were they live rather than going back to their kampungs to vote, perhaps as many as 15 out of the top 20 parliament seats in Malaysia would be Malay majority seats in urban areas.



3) Fact 3: There are more Malay rich households than Chinese rich households but Malays also the majority of the B40 (including the urban poor)

One statistic which may surprise many is that there are more Bumiputera households earning more than RM10k a month compared to Chinese households.

According to Khazanah Research Institute’s State of the Household Report first published in 2014, there were 280,000 Bumiputera households with monthly incomes of more than RM10,000 compared with 254,000 Chinese households and 45,000 Indian households. (Figure 1 below) These figures were obtained from the 2012 Household and Income survey collected b the Department of Statistics, Malaysia (DOSM).



Many Bumiputera, especially Malay households, are in the T20 category. This is part of the professionalization and urbanization experience of the Malay community over the past 4 decades and this trend will continue as more Malays move to the urban areas and as more Malays obtain higher education qualifications (a subject for another post) and have access to better job opportunities. Many high paying jobs, whether in the civil service, GLCs or in non-GLC listed companies are held by Malay professionals.

Of course, it is also true that the majority of the B40 group are from the Bumiputera community. According to figures collected by DOSM for the 11th Malaysian Plan, the Bumiputera community comprised 73.6% of households in the B40 category.

At the same time, it is also worth highlighting that Chinese households comprise 17.5% of the B40 category and Indian households 7.5%. The impression that all Chinese are rich “towkays” is clearly a mistaken one.

Furthermore, if we can breakdown the Bumiputera community into smaller segments, I am confident that we would find a larger % of the Sarawakian and Sabahan Bumiputera communities which are more rural and also have lower household incomes compared to the Malay community.

Why is it important to debunk these myths?

Firstly, public policy must be designed based on updated statistics and facts, not based on mistaken narratives. For example, if govt policy were to be aimed at helping the marginalized Bumiputera communities, it would be a mistake to focus the majority of resources in the rural areas since the majority of Bumiputeras actually live in the urban areas.

This is also why we need to update our measures of poverty, especially urban poverty, to properly capture the Bumiputera households which fall into this category and not pretend that we do not have any urban poor using outdated statistical measures.

Secondly, believing these myths would lead one to ignore the significant progress made in the creation of a vibrant Bumiputera middle class in Malaysia over the past decades.

Thirdly, we need to understand these facts in order to know what policies have succeeded and what policies have failed in the past. For example, would more middle and high income households in the Bumiputera community have been created if there was less crony capitalism and more transparency in the creation of capable Bumiputera entrepreneurs and professionals?

Only with an honest appraisal of the facts and figures (and not relying to myths and mistaken narratives) can we answer these questions and find the right policy responses.

Dr. Ong Kian Ming is Member of Parliament for Bangi and Assistant Political Education Director for the Democratic Action Party (DAP).

Kurex

Lahaiiiiiiiiiii

Aku tengok ramai je Melayu Mulia Syurga dekat bandar.... Hayoooo lagi ramai dari leluhur parashit.. lain kali bongok, ambik fakta dari org yg terpercaya ye bongok, bukan kaki klepet macam kau.. buduh

sarah82

Kurex replied at 2-7-2020 10:33 AM
Lahaiiiiiiiiiii

Aku tengok ramai je Melayu Mulia Syurga dekat bandar.... Hayoooo lagi ramai dari  ...

Sejak thread dia tak dapat sambutan.. Gigih dia buka poll nak bagi org baca thread dia

Xim

Voters melayu mmg ade dlm kalangan ph sekalipun ....buktinye dlm grp whtsp fmly besar aiols...tp x ramai la....so far baru 2 3 ketul je taksub kat ph....yg bkn ph voters tu mls nk lyn....sbb maybe diorg ade life kot,fokus kat kerja n fmly....rather than meratib sana sini....aiols x kuasa nak bace fitnah berjela2 dlm grp whtsp tu n x join pn grp tu....

Xim

Harga rumah mncanak naik kat bandar2 ujung2 quota bumiputera jual kat non bumi.....so,kalau x mnyewa,diorg akan bli rmh kat kampung je....aman pun aman....leh brcucuk tanam sambil...

Orix

Kena pi tgok statistik penduduk di KL, Ipoh n JB. N yes iols rs Cina lg ramai dari melayu. Melayu hanya ramai di Kota Bharu, Kuala Terengganu, ehhhhhh KB n KT bandar keee

I.am.PH

sam1528

Tu lah
Dah kata banyak kali
Melayu adalah majoriti kat bandar
Kalo pecahkan constituency parlimen ke ~ 55k setiap parliment , melayu tetap majority (untuk nisbah 1 rakyat 1 undi)
Sekarang ko percaya tak??  @JohnnyLever

Kena tag jugak macai totok UMNO/BN yg bangang tu  - @kemaruk

raxief

thanks sebab keluarkan fakta ni.. bersedialah utk kalah di semua kwsn bandar ni.. kampung pun kalah.. haha

teky

harap dlm next pru.. ade la puak2 yg berjuang agar melayu kat bandar stay dan vote di bandar... xpayah nak kelik kg..nak ke seremabi mekah..nak tgok penyu telor kee..

minta semua yg berkerja di bandar2 supaya vote dibandar.. ni je startegi nak runtuhkan tembok2 leluhur yg berasa dorg menguasai bandar2...

mis_j_alexanda

So, apa masalahnya? Ikut suka hati la nak mengundi mana2 calon. Terima je dgn hati terbuka kalau dah kalah tu...

I.am.PH

raxief replied at 2-7-2020 07:06 AM
thanks sebab keluarkan fakta ni.. bersedialah utk kalah di semua kwsn bandar ni.. kampung pun kalah. ...

Maaf jika kebenaran itu pahit.

Kawasan bandar yang ada perkhidmatan Grab & Foodpanda majoriti cenderung kepada DAP/PKR/PAN

Kawasan luar bandar yang banyak kes dadah majoriti cenderung kepada UMNO/BN

Kawasan luar bandar yang hulu termasuk Orang Asli majoriti cenderung kepada UMNO

Kawasan bandar dan luar bandar yang ada masalah air paip kotor, sumbang mahram dan dera isteri majoriti cenderung kepada PAS

Di sini dapat kita lihat dari segi jurang pemikiran dan pendapatan

raxief

I.am.PH replied at 2-7-2020 03:22 PM
Maaf jika kebenaran itu pahit.

Kawasan bandar yang ada perkhidmatan Grab & Foodpanda majoriti c ...

kau tunggu la next PRU

dino

I.am.PH replied at 2-7-2020 03:22 PM
Maaf jika kebenaran itu pahit.

Kawasan bandar yang ada perkhidmatan Grab & Foodpanda majoriti c ...

maaf dap akan berkubur haha

Bedah.Cun

Kawasan bandar banyak cina taiko along, cina kaki judi selalunya cenderung kepada DAP. Kawasan pinggir bandar di lembah klang cenderung kepada keadilan dan DAP adalah kelompok tamil samseng pecah rumah, tamil samseng ceti haram dan tamil pembunuh.

I.am.PH

Bedah.Cun replied at 2-7-2020 09:10 AM
Kawasan bandar banyak cina taiko along, cina kaki judi selalunya cenderung kepada DAP. Kawasan pingg ...

Why this Violence?
The Traveler, Saturday, May 05, 2012



The rampant violence in the Indian community is attributed to the abysmal poverty, the low literacy level, the urbanization, and some even blame it as the culture of certain caste in the community.

Whatever it is, the Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC) is undoubtedly the main culprit in nurturing the increasing violence in the community. This started 40 years back from the days of Sambanthan and Manikavasagm. Violence was the order of the day at every level -- from branches, state, and national level -- in MIC and aspiring candidates must be either gangsters themselves or must hire gangsters to survive. No decent humans will put their foot in MIC as it is the last resort of scoundrels

kemaruk

ini orang puteh kata cherry picking

ambik angka yang menangkan hujah sendiri je

padahal kawasan parlimen bandar lain (yang tak disebut) majoriti bukan melayu

bodoh macam @sam1528 ingat orang melayu percaya ke?

melayu pandai la.. bangsa lain je mudah percaya benda2 camni sebab tu masih sokong DAPig

axl_bach

teky replied at 2-7-2020 03:14 PM
harap dlm next pru.. ade la puak2 yg berjuang agar melayu kat bandar stay dan vote di bandar... xpay ...

Nak ngundi bandar kena tukar alamat pengundian lah kan....

zeed

I.am.PH replied at 2-7-2020 03:22 PM
Maaf jika kebenaran itu pahit.

Kawasan bandar yang ada perkhidmatan Grab & Foodpanda majoriti c ...

Masa pru14 mmg ini kebenarannya termasuk la aku.. Tp skrg korang la kena telan kepahitan tu sebab tak perform. So tunggu je la result2 kat bandar pru15.

~boolean

sebanarnya aku tak faham apa motif research ni.

Kawasan urban yang dia sebut tu pun berdasarkan largest voters aja...kenapa kira begitu? tak faham aku..apa yang nak dibuktikan melalui largest voters?

dah kalau nak kata urban, kenapa tak ambil ipoh, kawasan2 penang, puchong yang aku rasa jauh lebih maju berbanding beberapa kawasan yang kat atas tu?

bukan ke research ini pasal penduduk kawasan urban? menggunakan data melalui 20 parliament seats by number of voters macam tak ada kena mengena aja...siapa boleh beri pencerahan...sesungguhnya research ini mengelirukan..