SUDUT INFO :: BAHAN GANTIAN [SUBSTITUTION]

dianaris · Post time 3-3-2007 10:02 PM

Dah belek2 page belakang tapi tak jumpa.. biasanya masakan yg memerlukan ramuan gantian ni adalah masakan yg kita sendiri takleh nak consume sbb isu halal n haram.. nak share dgn u all.. kalo ada nak tambah, silakan..

Type of Alcohol       Substitute

Amaretto                Almond extract (1/2 teaspoon extract for 2 tablespoons of Amaretto) or Italian soda syrup.
Anisette                Anise Italian soda syrup or fennel.
Apple Brandy             Apple juice, unsweetened apple juice concentrate, apple cider, or apple butter.
Apricot Brandy             Syrup from a can of apricots in heavy syrup, or apricot preserves.
Beer or Ale             A strong chicken, beef or mushroom broth, or non-alcoholic beer.
Beer or Ale (Light)       Chicken broth, white grape juice or ginger ale.
Bourbon                   1 1/2 to 2 teaspoons of vanilla extract.
Brandy                1/2 to 1 teaspoon of brandy or rum extract for 2 tablespoons of Brandy. When liquid amount is critical to the recipe, use water or fruit juices corresponding to flavor of brandy (use same amount of liquid as the recipe calls for brandy),

Calvados                Apple juice, unsweetened apple juice concentrate, apple cider, or apple butter.
Chambord                Raspberry juice, syrup or extract.
Champagne             Ginger ale, sparkling apple cider, sparkling cranberry juice, or sparkling white grape juice.
Cherry Liqueur or Cherry Brandy       Syrup from a can of cherries in heavy syrup, or cherry Italian soda Syria or cherry preserves.
Claret                      non-alcoholic wine, diluted grape juice or cherry cider syrup.
Coffee Liqueur       To replace 2 tablespoons of liqueur, use 1/2 to 1 teaspoon of chocolate extract mixed with 1 teaspoon of instant coffee, which has been mixed in 2 tablespoons of water. Can also substitute expresso, non-alcoholic coffee extract or coffee syrup.
Cognac                   Apricot, peach or pear juice.
Cointreau                To replace 2 tablespoons of liqueur, use 2 tablespoons of orange juice concentrate or 2 tablespoons of orange juice with 1/2 teaspoon of orange extract.

Cr鑝e de cacao       Powdered white chocolate combined with water, or non-alcoholic vanilla extract and powdered sugar.
Cr鑝e de cassis       Black currant Italian soda syrup or black currant jam.
Cr鑝e de menthe       non-alcoholic mint extract, mint Italian soda syrup, spearmint extract, or spearmint oil with a little water added. If green color is needed, add a drop of green food coloring.

Curacao                   To replace 2 tablespoons of liqueur, use 2 tablespoons of orange juice concentrate or 2 tablespoons of orange juice with 1/2 teaspoon of orange extract.

Framboise                Raspberry juice or raspberry syrup.
Frangelico                Hazelnut or almond extract.
Galliano                   Licorice extract.
Gewurztraminer       White grape juice combined with lemon juice.
Grand Marnier          To replace 2 tablespoons of liqueur, use 2 tablespoons of orange juice concentrate or 2 tablespoons of orange juice with 1/2 teaspoon of orange extract.

Grappa                   Grape juice.
Grenadine                non-alcoholic grenadine or pomegranate syrup.
Hard Cider                Apple juice or apple cider.
Kirsch                      Cherry cider or black cherry, raspberry, boysenberry, currant, or grape juice or syrup. Substitute same amount of liquid as called for in the recipe.

Licorice or Anise Liqueur       Anise Italian soda syrup or fennel.
Mirin                      White grape juice combined with lemon juice or lemon zest.
Muscat                   White grape juice combined with powdered sugar.
Ouzo Anise             Italian soda syrup or fennel.
Orange Liqueur          Orange juice concentrate, orange juice, orange zest or orange marmalade.
Peach Brandy             Syrup from a can of peaches in heavy syrup, or peach preserves.
Peppermint Schnapps       non-alcoholic mint or peppermint extract, mint Italian soda syrup, or mint leaves.
Port                         Concord grape juice with some lime zest added, cranberry juice with some lemon juice added, or grape juice concentrate. Substitute orange juice or apple juice for lighter ports.

Red Burgundy          Red wine vinegar, grape juice or non-alcoholic wine.
Red Wine, sweet or dry       non-alcoholic wine with a tablespoon of vinegar added to cut the sweetness, grape juice, cranberry juice, grape jelly, tomato juice, beef broth, liquid drained from vegetables, or water. Use equal amounts of liquid as called for in the recipe.
Riesling                   White grape juice with a pinch of powdered sugar added.
Rum                      White grape juice, pineapple juice, or apple juice in equal liquid amounts as called for in the recipe. Can also use these juices with 1/2 to 1 teaspoon of non-alcoholic rum, almond or vanilla extract added.

Sake                      Rice vinegar.
Sambuca                   Anise Italian soda syrup or fennel.
Schnapps                To replace 2 tablespoons of schnapps, add 1 teaspoon of a corresponding flavored extract.
Sherry                   Apple juice, orange juice, pineapple juice, or non-alcoholic vanilla extract.
Southern Comfort       Peach flavored nectar combined with a small amount of cider vinegar.
Sparkling Wine          Ginger ale, sparkling apple cider, sparkling cranberry juice, or sparkling white grape juice.
Tequila                      Cactus juice or nectar.
Triple Sec                Orange juice concentrate, orange juice, orange zest or orange marmalade.
Vermouth, Dry          White grape juice, white wine vinegar, or non-alcoholic white wine.
Vermouth, Sweet       Apple juice, grape juice, balsamic vinegar, non-alcoholic sweet wine, or water with lemon juice.
Whiskey                   If a small amount is called for, it can be eliminated.
Vodka                      White grape juice or apple cider combined with lime juice or use plain water in place of the vodka.
Savory                      Thyme, marjoram, or sage
White Burgundy               non-alcoholic wine, white grape juice combined with white wine vinegar.
White Wine, sweet or dry       non-alcoholic wine with a tablespoon of vinegar added to cut the sweetness, white grape juice, apple juice, apple cider, tomato juice, chicken broth, liquid drained from vegetables, ginger ale, or water. Use equal amounts of liquid as called for in the recipe.

[ Last edited by  Kacip_Fatimah at 5-3-2009 13:27 ]

Kacip_Fatimah · Post time 3-3-2007 10:16 PM

thanks diana atas info nie..
tapi ehh...fenin skett la nk baca..
takde perenggan dan highlight pun..hehe..

dianaris · Post time 3-3-2007 10:30 PM

Fats, Oils and Vinegars

Food                        Amount             Substitute
Balsamic Vinegar                                                   Sherry or cider vinegar
Chili Oil                                 1/4 tsp          1/4 tsp salad oil plus pinch of cayenne
Lard                                                            Shortening
Sesame Oil                            1 tbsp               1 1/2 tsp sesame seeds saut閑d in 1/2 tsp vegetable oil
Shortening, melted               1 cup                1 cup cooking oil (cooking oil should not be substituted if recipe does not call for melted shortening)

Shortening                           1 cup                1 cup minus 2 tbsp lard OR 1 1/8 cups butter or margarine (decrease salt by 1/2 tsp)
Vegetable Oil                                                   Olive oil
Vinegar                                                            Lemon juice
Vinegar, Chinese                                                  Balsamic vinegar
Vinegar, Red Wine(for salad dressing) 4 tbsp       3 tbsp cider vinegar, 1 tbsp red wine
Vinegar, Sherry                                             Balsamic vinegar

[ Last edited by  dianaris at 3-3-2007 11:05 PM ]

ann_k25 · Post time 6-8-2007 02:33 PM

tks a lot for the detailed info. appreciate it.

zettyhani · Post time 6-8-2007 05:18 PM

thanks diana untuk semua ni.

maisya · Post time 8-8-2007 08:31 AM

memang berguna info ni semua, maisya memang print yg dari ALLRECIPES punya website ni dan letak kat first page kat file resepi...senang nak refer bila ada bahan yg tak de.

Common Substitution

bingai99 · Post time 29-4-2010 03:15 PM

Sumber: http://www.joyofbaking.com/IngredientSubstitution.html

just want to share...

Baking Ingredient Substitution Table

Sometimes you may find it necessary to substitute one ingredient for another in a recipe. But using a different ingredient may change both the taste and texture of your baking, so it is a good idea before substituting to understand the role that ingredient plays in the recipe. Use this table as a guideline only.

INGREDIENT	AMOUNT	SUBSTITUTION
Almond Meal	1 cup (100 grams)	To make your own almond meal place 1 cup (100 grams) sliced (blanched (skins off) or natural (skins on)) almonds with 1 tablespoon (14 grams) granulated white sugar in a blender or food processor and process until finely ground. Sugar or flour is added to the almonds to prevent clumping as it absorbs the oil exuded from the almonds. Toasting the almonds first dries them which also helps to prevent clumping.
Almond Paste	1 1/3 cups (300 grams)	1 3/4 cups (175 grams) ground blanched almonds plus 1 1/2 cups (175 grams) powdered (confectioners or icing) sugar plus 1 large egg white (30 grams) plus 1 teaspoon almond extract plus 1/4 teaspoon salt
Ammonium bicarbonate	3/4 teaspoon	1 teaspoon baking soda
Arrowroot	1 tablespoon (15 grams)	1 tablespoon (15 grams) cornstarch, potato starch or rice starch 2 tablespoons (25 grams) all purpose flour

Baking Powder, double-acting (Rule of Thumb: 1 teaspoon for every 1 cup of flour)High-Altitude Adjustments:above 3000 ft. - reduce baking powder 1/8 teaspoon for every 1 teaspoon of baking powder in recipeabove 5000 ft. - reduce baking powder 1/8-1/4 teaspoon for every 1 teaspoon baking powder in recipeabove 7000 ft. - reduce baking powder 1/4 teaspoon for every 1 teaspoon baking powder in recipe	1 teaspoon	1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 teaspoon cream of tartar plus 1/4 teaspoon cornstarch 1 1/2 teaspoons single-action baking powder1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 cup (120 ml) buttermilk, sour milk or yogurt to replace 1/2 cup (120 ml) non-acidic liquid
Baking Powder, single-acting	1 teaspoon	2/3 teaspoon double-acting baking powder 1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 teaspoon cream of tartar plus 1/4 teaspoon cornstarch

bingai99 · Post time 29-4-2010 03:17 PM

Baking Soda (Sodium Bicarbonate) (Rule of Thumb: 1/4 teaspoon for every 1 cup of flour)	1/2 teaspoon	2 teaspoons double-acting baking powder (must replace the acidic liquid in recipe with non-acidic liquid) 1/2 teaspoon potassium bicarbonate
Bread Crumbs, Dry	1 cup (150 grams)	1 cup crushed cracker crumbs 1 cup matzo meal 1 cup crushed cornflakes 1 cup ground oats 1 cup crushed potato chips
Buttermilk (Sour Milk) (see below under MILK, Buttermilk)	1 cup (240 ml)
Carob Powder	1 tablespoon (7 grams)	1 tablespoon (7 grams) cocoa powder (either natural or Dutch-processed)
Chocolate, Bittersweet or Semi-sweet	1 ounce (30 grams)	1/2 ounce (15 grams) unsweetened chocolate plus 1 tablespoon (15 grams) granulated white sugar
Chocolate, Milk	1 ounce (30 grams)	1 ounce (30 grams) bittersweet or semi-sweet plus 1 tablespoon (15 grams) granulated white sugar 1 ounce (30 grams) sweet dark chocolate 1 ounce (30 grams) white chocolate
Chocolate, Sweet German	1 ounce (30 grams)	1 ounce (30 grams) bittersweet or semi-sweet chocolate plus 1/2 tablespoon (7 grams) granulated white sugar 1 ounce (30 grams) milk chocolate
Chocolate, Unsweetened	1 ounce (30 grams)	3 tablespoons (20 grams) natural cocoa powder (not Dutch-processed) plus 1 tablespoon (14 grams) unsalted butter, vegetable oil or shortening
Chocolate, White	1 ounce (30 grams)	1 ounce (30 grams) milk chocolate 1 ounce (30 grams) sweet dark chocolate
Cocoa Powder, Dutch-Processed	3 tablespoons (20 grams)	3 tablespoons (20 grams) natural unsweetened cocoa powder plus 1/8 teaspoon baking soda 1 ounce (30 grams) unsweetened chocolate plus 1/8 teaspoon baking soda (reduce fat in recipe by 1 tablespoon) 3 tablespoons (20 grams) carob powder

bingai99 · Post time 29-4-2010 03:20 PM

Cocoa Powder, Natural Unsweetened	3 tablespoons (20 grams)	3 tablespoons (20 grams) Dutch-processed cocoa plus 1/8 teaspoon cream of tartar, lemon juice or white vinegar 1 ounce (30 grams) unsweetened chocolate (reduce fat in recipe by 1 tablespoon) 3 tablespoons (20 grams) carob powder
Coconut, fresh	1 cup	1 cup (90 grams) dried flaked coconut 3/4 cup (75 grams) dried shredded coconut
Coconut, dry shredded	1 cup (90 grams)	1 1/4 cups freshly grated coconut 1 1/4 cup (110 grams) dried flaked coconut
Coconut milk, fresh	1 cup (240 ml)	1 cup (240 ml) canned coconut milk (not low fat) 3 tablespoons canned cream of coconut plus enough hot water or milk to equal 1 cup (240 ml) 1/4 cup (60 ml) coconut cream powder plus 1 cup (240 ml) hot water or milk
Coconut cream, fresh	1 cup (240 ml)	1 cup (240 ml) canned coconut cream 1 cup (240 ml) top layer of canned coconut milk (not low fat) (do not shake or stir can before skimming) 1 cup (240 ml) heavy whipping cream (35% butterfat) plus 1/2 cup coconut cream powder
Coffee, strong brewed	1/4 cup (60 ml)	2 tablespoons (10 grams) instant espresso powder dissolved in 3 tablespoons hot water
Cookie Crumbs	1 cup (100 grams)	Can substitute equally among chocolate wafers, vanilla wafers, graham crackers, macaroons, or gingersnaps
Cornmeal, stone ground	1 cup (180 grams)	1 cup regular milled cornmeal 1 cup corn grits 1 cup polenta 1 cup maize meal

bingai99 · Post time 29-4-2010 03:21 PM

Corn Syrup, Dark	1 cup (240 ml)	3/4 cup (180 ml) light corn syrup plus 1/4 cup (60 ml) light molasses
Corn Syrup, Light	1 cup (240 ml)	1 cup (240 ml) dark corn syrup 1 cup(240 ml) treacle 1 cup (240 ml) liquid glucose 1 cup (240 ml) honey 1 cup (200 grams) granulated white sugar (increase the liquid in the recipe by 1/4 cup (60 ml))
Cornstarch or Corn flour (for thickening)	1 tablespoon (15 grams)	2 tablespoons (25 grams) all purpose flour 1 tablespoon (15 grams) potato starch or rice starch or flour 1 tablespoon (15 grams) arrowroot 2 tablespoons (25 grams) quick-cooking (instant) tapioca
Cream of Tartar	1/2 teaspoon	1/2 teaspoon white vinegar or lemon juice
Cream, Clotted	1 cup (225 grams)	1 cup (225 grams) cr?e fra?/font>che 1 cup (225 grams) mascarpone cheese 1 cup (240 ml) heavy whipping cream (35% butterfat), whipped
Cream, Cr?e fra?/font>che	1 cup (225 grams)	1 cup (225 grams) sour cream 1 cup (240 ml) whipping cream plus 1 tablespoon buttermilk or yogurt 1/2 cup (120 ml) whipping cream plus 1/2 cup (112 grams) sour cream 1 cup (225 grams) mascarpone cheese
Cream, Half & Half (10 - 12% Butterfat)	1 cup (240 ml)	7/8 cup (210 ml) whole milk plus 2 tablespoons (25 grams) melted unsalted butter 1/2 cup (120 ml) light cream (5% butterfat) plus 1/2 cup (120 ml) whole milk 1/2 cup (120 ml) partly skimmed milk plus 1/2 cup (120 ml) heavy whipping cream (35%)

bingai99 · Post time 29-4-2010 03:22 PM

Cream, Heavy (35% butterfat) (not for whipping)	1 cup (240 ml)	2/3 cup (160 ml) whole milk plus 1/3 cup (75 grams) melted unsalted butter
Cream, Light or Coffee Cream (18% Butterfat)	1 cup (240 ml)	1 cup (240 ml) half & half cream (12% butterfat) 7/8 cup (210 ml) whole milk plus 3 tablespoons (35 grams) melted butter 1/2 cup (120 ml) evaporated milk or heavy cream plus 1/2 cup (120 ml) milk
Cream, Light Whipping (30% Butterfat) (not for whipping)	1 cup (240 ml)	3/4 cup (180 ml) whole milk plus 1/4 cup (57 grams) melted unsalted butter 1 cup (240 ml) half & half cream (12% butterfat)
Cream, Sour	1 cup (225 grams) (8 ounces)	1 cup (225 grams) plain yogurt 3/4 cup (180 ml) sour milk, buttermilk or plain yogurt + 1/3 cup (75 grams) melted butter 1 cup (225 grams) cr?e fra?/font>che 1 tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar plus enough whole milk to fill 1 cup (240 ml) (let stand 5-10 minutes)
Currants	1 cup (120 grams)	1 cup (120 grams) raisins 1 cup (120 grams) chopped dates 1 cup (120 grams) other dried fruit (cranberries, cherries, blueberries)
Eggs, whole	1 large (about 2 ounces) In Shell (57 grams) Without Shell (50 grams)	2 large egg yolks (36 grams) plus 1 tablespoon water (in baking) 2 large egg yolks (36 grams) (for custards, sauces, puddings and mousses) 3 1/2 tablespoons frozen whole egg, thawed 3 1/2 tablespoons egg substitute 2 1/2 tablespoons powdered whole egg plus 2 1/2 tablespoons water
Eggs, whites	1 large egg white (30 grams)	2 tablespoons frozen egg whites, thawed 1 tablespoon powdered egg white plus 2 tablespoons water
Eggs, yolks	2 large yolks (36 grams)	1 large whole egg (In Shell 57 grams) (Without Shell 50 grams)
Eggs, yolks	1 large yolk (18 grams)	2 tablespoons powdered egg yolk plus 2 teaspoons water 3 1/2 teaspoons frozen egg yolks, thawed
Extract, pure Vanilla	1 teaspoon	1/2 of vanilla bean 1/2 - 1 teaspoon other extract (almond, orange, lemon, etc.)
Other Extracts (almond, lemon, orange, peppermint, etc.)	1 teaspoon	1 teaspoon of other extract (vanilla, orange, lemon, etc.) 1 to 2 drops of oil of same flavor
Fats, Salted Butter	1/2 cup (113 grams)	1/2 cup (113 grams) unsalted butter plus 1/4 teaspoon salt 1/2 cup (113 grams) margarine 1/2 cup (113 grams) solid vegetable shortening or lard
Fats, Unsalted Butter	1/2 cup (113 grams)	1/2 cup (113 grams) salted butter (decrease the salt in recipe by 1/4 teaspoon) 1/2 cup (113 grams) margarine 1/2 cup (113 grams) solid vegetable shortening or lard

bingai99 · Post time 29-4-2010 03:24 PM

Fats, Lard	1/2 cup (113 grams)	1/2 cup (113 grams) solid vegetable shortening 1/2 cup (113 grams) plus 1 tablespoon (14 grams) unsalted butter
Fats, Margarine	1/2 cup (113 grams)	1/2 cup (113 grams) salted or unsalted butter 1/2 cup (113 grams) solid vegetable shortening
Fats, Solid Vegetable Shortening	1/2 cup (113 grams)	1/2 cup (113 grams) salted or unsalted butter 1/2 cup(113 grams) lard 1/2 cup (113 grams) margarine

Flour, All Purpose	1 cup (140 grams)	1 cup (110 grams) plus 2 tablespoons (20 grams) sifted cake flour 1 cup (140 grams) self-rising flour (omit baking powder and salt from recipe) 7/8 cup (130 grams) rice flour (starch) (do not replace all of the flour with the rice flour) 1/2 cup (65 grams) white cake flour plus 1/2 cup (75 grams) whole wheat flour
FLOUR, Bread	1 cup (160 grams)	1 cup (140 grams) all purpose flour
FLOUR, Cake	1 cup (130 grams)	3/4 cup (105 grams) all purpose flour plus 2 tablespoons (30 grams) cornstarch
FLOUR, Pastry	2 cups (270 grams)	1 1/3 cup (185 grams) all purpose flour plus 2/3 cup (85 grams) cake flour
FLOUR, Rice	1 cup (150 grams)	Equal amounts of cake or pastry flour
FLOUR, Self-Rising	1 cup (140 grams)	1 cup (140 grams) similar grade (all purpose) flour plus 1 1/2 teaspoons baking powder plus 1/4 teaspoon salt
FLOUR, Whole Wheat	1 cup (150 grams)	7/8 cup (120 grams) all purpose flour plus 2 tablespoon (6 grams) wheat germ 1 cup graham flour
GELATIN, Leaf or Sheet	4 leaves (4 x 9 inches) (10 x 23 cm)	1 (1/4 ounce) envelope (7 grams) powdered gelatin
GELATIN, Powdered (Unflavored)	1 envelope (1/4 ounce) (1 tablespoon granules) (7 grams)	4 leaves sheet gelatin 2 teaspoons agar
Ghee	1 tablespoon	1 tablespoon clarified butter 1 tablespoon vegetable oil
Ginger Root, freshly grated	1 tablespoon	1 tablespoon candied ginger, rinsed and finely chopped 1 1/2 teaspoon ground dried ginger plus 1/2 teaspoon fresh lemon juice

bingai99 · Post time 29-4-2010 03:26 PM

Glucose, liquid	1/2 cup (120 ml)	1/2 cup (120 ml) light corn syrup
Golden Syrup	1 cup (240 ml)	1 cup (240 ml) treacle 1 cup (240 ml) light molasses 1 cup (240 ml) corn syrup
Honey	1 cup (240 ml)	3/4 cup (180 ml) maple syrup plus 1/2 cup (100 grams) granulated white sugar 3/4 cup (180 ml) light or dark corn syrup plus 1/2 cup (100 grams) granulated white sugar 3/4 cup (180 ml) light molasses plus 1/2 cup (100 grams) granulated white sugar 1 1/4 cups (250 grams - 265 grams) granulated white or brown sugar plus 1/4 cup (60 ml) additional liquid in recipe plus 1/2 teaspoon cream of tartar
Lemon Juice, freshly squeezed	1 tablespoon	1 tablespoon bottled lemon juice 1 tablespoon fresh lime juice 1/2 tablespoon vinegar (depending on recipe and do not use for flavoring)
Lemon, Zest	1 teaspoon	1 teaspoon orange or lime zest 1/2 teaspoon lemon extract
Lime Juice, freshly squeezed	1 tablespoon	1 tablespoon lemon or orange juice
Lime, Zest	1 teaspoon	1 teaspoon lemon or orange
Maple Sugar, finely grated	1/2 cup (100 grams)	1 cup (240 ml) maple syrup (reduce liquid in recipe by 1/4 cup) 3/4 cup (150 grams) granulated white sugar plus 1 teaspoon pure maple extract
Maple Syrup	1 cup (240 ml)	1/2 cup (100 grams) maple sugar (increase liquid in recipe by 1/4 cup (60 ml)) 1 cup (240 ml) honey 3/4 cup (180 ml) corn syrup plus 1/4 cup (57 grams) butter plus 1/2 teaspoon maple extract (optional)
Marshmallows	8 regular	1 cup miniature 2.5 ounces marshmallow cream
Marzipan	2 1/2 cups (560 grams)	2 cups (450 grams) almond paste plus 1 cup (115 grams) powdered sugar plus 2 tablespoons light corn syrup
Mascarpone Cheese	1 cup (8 ounces) (225 grams)	1 cup (225 grams) Cr?e fra?/font>che 3/4 cup (170 grams) cream cheese beaten with 1/4 cup (60 ml) heavy whipping cream (35%)
MILK, Buttermilk (sour milk)	1 cup (240 ml)	1 tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar (white or cider) plus enough milk to make 1 cup (240 ml) (let stand 5-10 minutes) 1 cup (225 grams) plain or low fat yogurt 1 cup (225 grams) sour cream 1 cup (240 ml) water plus 1/4 cup buttermilk powder 1 cup (240 ml) milk plus 1 1/2 - 1 3/4 teaspoons cream of tartar
MILK, Sweetened Condensed	14 ounce can (396 grams)	1 cup instant nonfat dry milk plus 2/3 cup (135 grams) granulated white sugar plus 1/2 cup (120 ml) boiling water plus 3 tablespoons (35 grams) melted unsalted butter (process in blender or food processor until smooth)
MILK, Evaporated Whole	1 cup (240 ml)	1 cup (240 ml) half & half (10-12% butterfat) 1 cup (240 ml) light or table cream (20% butterfat) 1 cup (240 ml) light (30% butterfat) or heavy whipping cream (35% butterfat)

bingai99 · Post time 29-4-2010 03:28 PM

MILK, Skim (Non fat)	1 cup (240 ml)	1/4 cup powdered skim milk plus 7/8 cup (210 ml) water 1/2 cup (120 ml) evaporated skim milk plus 1/2 cup (120 ml) water
MILK, Whole (3.5%)	1 cup (240 ml)	1/2 cup (120 ml) evaporated whole milk plus 1/2 cup (120 ml) water 1/2 cup condensed milk plus 1/2 cup (120 ml) water 1 cup (240 ml) skim milk plus 2 tablespoons (25 grams) melted butter or margarine 1/4 cup powdered skim milk plus 7/8 cup (210 ml) water plus 1 tablespoon (14 grams) melted butter or margarine
Molasses	1 cup (240 ml)	1 cup (240 ml) honey 1 cup (240 ml) dark corn syrup 1 cup (240 ml) maple syrup 3/4 cup (180 ml) light or dark brown sugar heated to dissolve in 1/4 cup (60 ml) liquid
Nuts, chopped, ground, or whole	1 cup (100 grams)	1 cup (100 grams) of similar nuts prepared in the same way
Oats, quick-cooking rolled	1 cup (90 grams)	1 cup (90 grams) regular (old fashioned) rolled oats
Oats, regular (old-fashioned)	1 cup (90 grams)	1 cup (90 grams) quick-cooking rolled
Orange Juice, freshly squeezed	1 cup (240 ml)	1 cup reconstituted frozen concentrate
Orange, Zest	1 teaspoon	1 teaspoon lemon or lime zest 1 teaspoon finely chopped candied orange peel
Polenta, dry	1 cup (180 grams)	1 cup cornmeal 1 cup maize meal 1 cup corn grits
Raisins	1 cup (120 grams)	1 cup (120 grams) dried currants 1 cup (120 grams) pitted chopped dates 1 cup (120 grams) dried fruit, finely chopped (cherries, cranberries, blueberries, etc.)
Ricotta Cheese	1 cup (8 ounces) (225 grams)	1 cup (225 grams) dry cottage cheese
Rose Water	1 teaspoon	1 teaspoon any flower-based water
Salt, kosher	1 teaspoon	1 teaspoon sea salt or table
Salt, sea salt	1 teaspoon	1 teaspoon kosher or table
Salt, table	1 teaspoon	1 teaspoon kosher or sea salt
SUGAR, granulated white	1 cup (200 grams)	1 cup (200 grams) caster (superfine) sugar 1 cup (215 grams) tightly packed light or dark brown sugar
SUGAR, brown, light or dark	1 cup (215 grams)	1 cup (215 grams) raw sugar 1 cup (200 grams) white granulated sugar 1 cup (200 grams) white granulated sugar plus 1/4 cup (60 ml) unsulfured light molasses For light brown sugar - substitute 1/2 cup (110 grams) dark brown sugar plus 1/2 cup (100 grams) white granulated sugar
SUGAR, caster (superfine)	1 cup (200 grams)	1 cup (200 grams) granulated white sugar, processed in food processor until very fine
SUGAR, raw	1 cup (215 grams)	1 cup (215 grams) light or dark brown sugar

bingai99 · Post time 29-4-2010 03:31 PM

Tapioca, instant or quick-cooking	1 tablespoon (12 grams)	2 tablespoons (24 grams) pearl tapioca, soaked 1 1/2 tablespoons (20 grams) flour
Treacle	1 cup (240 ml)	1 cup (240 ml) light or dark corn syrup 1 cup (240 ml) light molasses
Vanilla Bean	1 bean	2 - 3 teaspoons pure vanilla extract
Vanilla Extract	1 teaspoon	1/2 teaspoon powdered
VINEGAR, apple cider vinegar	1/4 cup (60 ml)	1/4 cup (60 ml) white vinegar
VINEGAR, white	1/4 cup (60 ml)	1/4 cup (60 ml) apple cider vinegar 1/3 cup (80 ml) freshly squeezed lemon juice
YEAST, active dry	1 envelope (1/4 ounce) (7 grams)	1 scant (7 grams) tablespoon active dry yeast 1 cake (3/5 ounce) fresh compressed yeast 1 tablespoon (7 grams) fast-rising active yeast
YEAST, compressed	1 cake (3/5 ounce)	1 (1/4 ounce) envelope (7 grams) active dry yeast 1 scant tablespoon (7 grams) active dry yeast
Yogurt, plain (not low fat)	1 cup (225 grams)	1 cup (225 grams) sour cream 1 cup (240 ml) buttermilk 1 cup (225 grams) cr?e fra?he 1 cup (240 ml) heavy whipping cream (35% butterfat) plus 1 tablespoon freshly squeezed lemon juice